Kuru is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease that was primarily found among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. This condition, classified as a prion disease, is linked to the consumption of infected human brain tissue during funeral rites. The word "kuru" translates to "to tremble" in the Fore language, aptly describing some of the movement disorders associated with the illness. While kuru is no longer prevalent due to the cessation of cannibalistic practices, it highlights the complex interplay between culture and health, showcasing how societal customs can lead to devastating consequences when they involve the transmission of infectious agents.

The disease is characterized by a range of neurological symptoms that include tremors, loss of coordination, and significant cognitive decline. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience emotional instability, difficulties with speech, and ultimately, immobility. Kuru typically manifests in three stages: ambulant, sedentary, and terminal, with each stage resulting in worsening physical and mental health. The incubation period can be lengthy, often spanning several years, which complicates the understanding of its transmission dynamics. The study of kuru has not only provided insights into prion diseases but has also advanced neurobiology and the understanding of neurodegeneration.

Today, kuru serves as a poignant reminder of the potential dangers of cultural practices that intersect with health. While the disease has been eradicated, its legacy continues to influence research in the fields of epidemiology and public health. Scientists have drawn parallels between kuru and other prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, emphasizing the importance of understanding how infectious proteins can alter human health. Kuru's history underscores the need for sensitivity to cultural practices while simultaneously advocating for public health measures, ensuring that the lessons learned are not forgotten in the context of advancing medical knowledge and protecting vulnerable communities.